LA PÍLDORA DEL DÍA SIGUIENTE ES ABORTIVA
Dr. Jorge Rodríguez Reyna
La PDS o anticoncepción de emergencia tiene como uno de sus mecanismos el impedir la implantación del óvulo fecundado (cigoto) en el endometrio, lo cual la convierte en abortiva. Es obvio que ni la OMS, ONGs o farmacéuticas van a reconocerlo textualmente, pero la información científica disponible muestra que efectivamente ese mecanismo existe. Valgan algunos ejemplos al respecto:
"Emergency contraception with levonorgestrel or the Yuzpe regimen reduced the expected number of pregnancies by 52% (95% CI 37-63) and 74% (64-81), respectively. The effects of both regimens were mainly due to inhibition or delay of ovulation. However, the frequency of embryos entering the uterine cavity was reduced in both treatment groups, and the administration of levonorgestrel also altered the endometrium, making it less receptive to implantation." [1]
"Inhibition of ovulation is the primary mechanism of action of hormonal emergency contraception (EC) methods, but their efficacy in preventing pregnancy exceeds the proportion of ovulatory cycles in which unprotected intercourse would result in pregnancy. One possible explanation for this discrepancy is that emergency contraception may alter the endometrium, preventing implantation of a fertilized egg." [2]
"Although most of the mechanisms of emergency contraception are known, some aspects still remain unclear. It is thought that the levonorgestrel-only emergency contraceptive pill can also alter endometrial receptivity, potentially reducing the likelihood of implantation. The available evidence on this topic is limited and controversial, and more research is needed to clarify this issue." [3]
Referencias:
[1] von Hertzen H, Piaggio G, Ding J, Chen J, Song S, Bartfai G, et al. Low dose mifepristone and two regimens of levonorgestrel for emergency contraception: a WHO multicentre randomised trial. Lancet. 2002;360(9348):1803-10.
[2] Glasier AF. Mechanisms of action of emergency contraception. Steroids. 2003;68(10-13):1095-8.
[3] Durand M, del Carmen Cravioto M, Raymond EG, Durán-Sánchez O, De la Luz Cruz-Hinojosa M, Castell-Rodríguez A, et al. On the mechanisms of action of short-term levonorgestrel administration in emergency contraception. Contraception. 2001;64(4):227-34.
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